These are three unwelcome but usually removable side effects when photographing with digital backs.

• Color fringe: thin colored lines running especially along sharp contrasty lines. The cause is usually the retrofocus construction of the wide-angle lenses as used in all SLR cameras through technical necessity. Many such lenses show some lateral color aberration which makes its presence felt in color fringe. Symmetrically constructed lenses that have been designed for digital use do not show this effect. However, there are some retrofocus constructions that do not have the large back focal distance of SLR cameras and yet do not show lateral color aberration/color fringe.

• Color Cast: cloud-like or circular color alterations, usually towards magenta or green. Often intensified by artificial lighting and by camera movements such as shift or tilt/swing. All manufacturers of digital backs offer their own and generally effective solutions to this problem.

• Center fold: a line usually in the center of the picture that separates a clearly visible difference in brightness between the two halves of the picture. The effect is caused by the construction of the sensor. The affected manufacturers of digital backs offer their own and generally effective solutions to this problem.